A study in human astrocytes demonstrated that the mir-4466 is significantly down-regulated (Fold Change: -2.51) in extracellular vesicles after exposure to 3 Gy proton radiation, identifying it as a biomarker for neurological radiation injury [Gaines & Nestorova DOI:10.1016/j.lssr.2021.11.001]. Separately, an analysis of blood samples from human monozygotic twins found the mir-4466 to be differentially expressed and shared across two pairs of twins, indicating its potential as a biomarker for distinguishing genetically identical individuals in forensic identification [Xiao et al. DOI:10.1016/j.fsigen.2019.05.003]. A study in human astrocytes demonstrated that the mir-4466 is significantly down-regulated (Fold Change: -2.51) in extracellular vesicles after exposure to 3 Gy proton radiation, identifying it as a biomarker of neurological radiation injury [Deriesha Gaines; Gergana G. Nestorova DOI:10.1016/j.lssr.2021.11.001]. Separately, an analysis of human blood samples from monozygotic twins found the mir-4466 to be differentially expressed and shared across two pairs of twins, indicating its potential as a biomarker for distinguishing genetically identical individuals in forensic identification [Xiao, Chao; Pan, Chao; Liu, Erliang; He, Huayu; Liu, Chunfeng; Huang, Yujie; Yi, Shaohua; Huang, Daixin DOI:10.1016/j.fsigen.2019.05.003].