A study in humans demonstrated that the mir-4484 was up-regulated in myocardial tissue from deceased patients with sepsis compared to non-septic controls [Pasi Lehto et al. DOI:10.1038/s41598-024-81114-6]. A study in humans demonstrated that the mir-4484 was differentially expressed across two pairs of monozygotic twins, suggesting its potential role as a biomarker for distinguishing genetically identical individuals [Xiao et al. DOI:10.1016/j.fsigen.2019.05.003].