A study in human traumatic brain injury (TBI) cases demonstrated that the mir-124-3 is a diagnostic biomarker, showing significantly higher expression in fatal TBI brain tissue compared to cardiovascular death controls [Bonin et al. DOI:10.3390/ijms241310836]. In forensic body fluid identification, the mir-124-3 exhibited its highest expression in vaginal secretion and was used in a validated qPCR-based algorithm, alongside hsa-miR-203a-3p, to differentiate vaginal secretion from saliva [Sauer et al. DOI:10.1016/j.fsigen.2016.01.018]. In mice, the mir-124-3 is significantly downregulated in the nucleus accumbens of methamphetamine-sensitized animals, where it is identified as a Dicer1-targeting miRNA involved in addiction-related miRNA biogenesis pathways [Liu et al. DOI:10.1111/Adb.12616].