A study in human myocardial autopsy specimens identified the miR-4508 as up-regulated in septic hearts compared to non-septic controls [Pasi Lehto et al. DOI:10.1038/s41598-024-81114-6]. In a mouse model of traumatic brain injury with fracture, plasma exosomes containing the miR-4508 were found to be highly expressed and associated with promoting osteogenic activity [Yang et al. DOI:10.1016/j.jot.2021.09.003]. A study in humans identified miR-4508 as a top upregulated circulating microRNA in plasma from patients with acute myocardial infarction compared to non-AMI controls [Zhong et al. DOI:10.1002/jcla.23099].