A study in human body fluids demonstrated that the mir-4511 showed the highest and most distinguishable expression levels in peripheral blood and menstrual blood compared to non-blood samples [Li et al. DOI:10.1016/j.fsigen.2024.103180]. Earlier research also identified the mir-4511 as differentially expressed in blood and menstrual blood, contributing to assays that allowed unambiguous identification and discrimination of body fluids [Courts & Madea DOI:10.1016/J.Forsciint.2010.07.002]. A study in humans demonstrated that the mir-4511 is differentially expressed in blood samples from monozygotic twins, being shared across three pairs of twins and suggesting a potential role for distinguishing genetically identical individuals in forensic identification [Xiao et al. DOI:10.1016/j.fsigen.2019.05.003].