A review of human studies identified the mir-517b as a biomarker of organophosphate pesticide exposure, where its expression in urine was positively associated with farmworker status and trended towards a positive dose response with pesticide metabolites [Kotsyfakis et al. DOI:10.1080/1354750X.2019.1652348]. A study in humans demonstrated that mir-517b was detectable in 57% of urine samples from farmworker and non-farmworker adults and children, and was upregulated in farmworker adults during the post-harvest season, showing a 15-fold increase compared to non-farmworkers and a positive dose-response trend with total organophosphate pesticide metabolites [Weldon et al. DOI:10.1016/J.Taap.2016.01.018].