A study in humans identified the mir-541 as a biomarker for recurrent myocardial infarction risk, where it was downregulated in whole blood of patients with recurrent MI after percutaneous coronary intervention and remained significant after false-discovery rate correction, though it was not significantly different in plasma [Onuoha et al. DOI:10.1111/cts.13307]. A study in mice and humans demonstrated that the mir-541 was evaluated for estimating the deposition time of bloodstains but could not be applied [Song et al. DOI:10.1007/s00414-023-03091-1].