A study in humans using massively parallel sequencing identified the mir-5581-3p as an absolute specific marker for venous blood, demonstrating high specificity and expression in forensic stains [Liu et al. DOI:10.3390/genes13091530]. This miRNA was reported as a specific marker for venous blood in forensic body fluid identification [Liu et al. DOI:10.1007/s00414-025-03656-2].