Research in humans, mice, and rats demonstrates that the miR-628-5p is upregulated in plasma vesicles of methamphetamine users and is associated with anxiety and depression-like behaviors [Xu et al. DOI:10.1007/S10571-023-01323-X]. In older human monozygotic twins, circulating plasma levels of the miR-628-5p show a negative association with activity of daily living fatigue scores in cross-sectional analysis, suggesting reduced functionality with higher expression [La Grotta et al. DOI:10.1016/j.mad.2025.112099].