A study in rats demonstrated that the mir-128b is up-regulated after fear conditioning and its expression is significantly affected by extinction training, with knockdown impairing the formation of fear-extinction memory [Wang et al. DOI:10.1101/Lm.026492.112]. Research also indicates that the mir-128b is induced in the prefrontal cortex after fear extinction training, where it may inhibit plasticity-related genes associated with the retrieval of the original fear memory [Bredy et al. DOI:10.1016/J.Nlm.2011.04.004].