A study in humans demonstrated that the miR-940 was downregulated in plasma from patients with mild, moderate, and severe traumatic brain injury compared to healthy controls, as identified by microarray analysis [Qin et al. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0204051]. A separate review noted that the miR-940 was found to be upregulated in female plasma and considered a gender-specific biomarker, which is a factor that could influence its reliability for forensic body fluid identification [Silva et al. DOI:10.1016/J.Fsigen.2014.09.002]. A study in humans demonstrated that the miR-940 was used as a housekeeping-gene-like normalizer for miRNA expression across body fluids to create ΔCt values, which was a critical step in developing a logistic regression model for menstrual blood identification [Hanson et al. DOI:10.1002/elps.201400171].