A study in human myocardial autopsy specimens identified the miR-140-5p as down-regulated in septic hearts compared to non-septic controls, with differential expression analysis revealing 32 miRNAs with altered expression in sepsis [Pasi Lehto et al. DOI:10.1038/s41598-024-81114-6]. Research in humans and animal models has identified the miR-140-5p as a biomarker detected in the cerebellum and hippocampus of Alzheimer's disease patients [Das et al. DOI:10.1080/21655979.2021.2003667] and as a therapeutic target that regulates VEGF-A expression in experimental stroke models [Das et al. DOI:10.1080/21655979.2021.2003667].