A study in humans demonstrated that plasma extracellular vesicle miR-145-3p was significantly upregulated in patients with acute coronary syndrome who experienced sudden cardiac death compared to healthy controls, validating its potential as a predictive biomarker [Huang et al. DOI:10.1039/D2MO00257D]. In a separate human trauma cohort, plasma miR-145-3p was markedly and severity-dependently increased and contained pro-inflammatory nucleotide motifs, showing strong diagnostic ability for trauma severity and associated injuries [Ren et al. DOI:10.1016/j.isci.2025.113569].