A study in human myocardial autopsy specimens from septic and non-septic deceased patients demonstrated that the mir-146b was significantly up-regulated in septic hearts, exhibiting the highest fold change among differentially expressed miRNAs [Pasi Lehto et al. DOI:10.1038/s41598-024-81114-6]. A study in rats demonstrated that the mir-146b was up-regulated more than 1.5-fold in the hippocampus at 1, 3, and 5 days following traumatic brain injury, identifying it as a potential marker for TBI progression [Sun et al. DOI:10.1007/s11596-014-1313-1]. In human and mouse studies, the mir-146b was downregulated in peripheral blood of antidepressant responders and upregulated in the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex of depressed suicide completers, establishing it as a biomarker of antidepressant response and a regulator of MAPK/Wnt signalling pathways [Lopez et al. DOI:10.1038/ncomms15497].