A study in rats demonstrated that heroin exposure significantly alters brain microRNA profiles, with the miR-18a-3p upregulated 3.12-fold specifically in the striatum of heroin-addicted Wistar rats [Pence et al. DOI:10.1007/S00221-024-06972-Y]. In human postmortem prefrontal cortex, the miR-18a-3p was upregulated in subjects with schizophrenia [Smalheiser et al. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0086469].