A study in rats demonstrated that the miR-18a-5p was upregulated 3.85-fold in the striatum following heroin exposure, indicating its role as a heroin addiction biomarker [Pence et al. DOI:10.1007/S00221-024-06972-Y]. In human postmortem prefrontal cortex, the miR-18a-5p was found to be upregulated in subjects with schizophrenia [Smalheiser et al. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0086469].