A study in humans demonstrated that the mir-181b was investigated as a potential peripheral biomarker for methamphetamine use disorder with psychosis, where its expression in venous blood leukocytes showed no significant difference between patients and controls (P = 0.151) [Sun et al. DOI:10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134725]. A study in mice demonstrated that the mir-181b is upregulated in exosomes from lean adipose tissue macrophages (ExosLean) and targets Bcl2l11/Bim to reprogram M1 to M2 macrophage polarization, accelerating diabetic wound healing [Wang et al. DOI:10.1007/s00438-024-02183-w]. In human postmortem brain studies, the mir-181b was found upregulated in the BA9 and superior temporal gyrus of subjects with schizophrenia, where its biogenesis is perturbed and it regulates VSNL1 and GRIA2 [Yoshino et al. DOI:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.543893].