A study in humans demonstrated that circulating hsa-miR-181d was significantly increased in the plasma of male acute myocardial infarction patients compared to healthy controls, as identified by next-generation sequencing [Baulina et al. DOI:10.1016/j.yjmcc.2018.07.129]. A separate human study on cord blood hematopoietic stem cells from twins found that the mir-181d showed high expression differences in fraternal twins and low differences in identical twins, with its expression influenced by both genetic and environmental factors and targeting the BCL2 gene [Ajami et al. DOI:10.22074/cellj.2019.5683].