A study in human postmortem brain tissue demonstrated that the mir-19a showed no statistically significant differences in expression levels between traumatic brain injury (TBI) cases and non-traumatic control subjects [Consalvo et al. DOI:10.3390/ijms25179539]. Separately, a study in human plasma identified the mir-19a as significantly upregulated in persistent atrial fibrillation patients during a discovery screening phase, though this expression tendency was not confirmed in subsequent validation [Liu et al. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0044906].