Forensic Context

A study in human forensic body fluids identified hsa-miR-191-5p as a highly and stably expressed reference gene, forming the optimal two-gene combination with hsa-miR-484 for data normalization in a multi-class support vector machine classification model for body fluid identification [Li et al. DOI:10.1016/j.fsigen.2024.103180]. In a separate degradation kinetics study, the miR-191-5p exhibited high goodness-of-fit (R² > 0.95) for its degradation pattern across all tested body fluid samples and demonstrated slower degradation in peripheral blood compared to other fluids [Li et al. DOI:10.1016/j.forsciint.2025.112683]. A study in humans demonstrated that the miR-191-5p was identified as the most suitable reference gene for normalizing small RNA expression data across five forensically relevant body fluids (venous blood, menstrual blood, saliva, semen, and vaginal secretions) from the Chinese Han population, showing favorable stability rankings in all tested samples [Wang et al. DOI:10.1002/elps.202000058]. Another study in humans confirmed the miR-191-5p as the most stably expressed endogenous control for normalizing blood- and brain-specific miRNA expression data in forensic samples, including aged bloodstains on polyvinyl-alcohol gloves stored for up to 20 years [Grabmüller et al. DOI:10.1007/s00414-017-1687-2].