Forensic Context

A study in human trauma patients demonstrated that the miR-199a-5p is markedly upregulated in plasma and serves as a strong diagnostic and predictive biomarker for overall trauma severity, organ injury, coagulation, endothelial activation, and inflammation, with the panel containing it achieving a cross-validated AUROC of 0.98 for distinguishing trauma from healthy controls [Ren et al. DOI:10.1016/j.isci.2025.113569]. In a separate investigation of human myocardial autopsy specimens, the miR-199a-5p was found to be down-regulated in the hearts of patients deceased with sepsis compared to non-septic controls, and it was identified among eight miRNAs with target genes also differentially expressed in septic hearts [Pasi Lehto et al. DOI:10.1038/s41598-024-81114-6]. A study in rats demonstrated that the miR-199a-5p showed no significant difference in expression in any examined brain region (cortex, hippocampi, midbrain) between a control group and a group subjected to fatal ligature strangulation [Feng et al. DOI:10.1097/PAF.0000000000000298]. In contrast, a study in humans identified the miR-199a-5p as an upregulated circulating microRNA in patients with acute myocardial infarction compared to non-AMI controls, with qRT-PCR validation and a diagnostic ROC AUC of 0.936 [Zhong et al. DOI:10.1002/jcla.23099].