A study in humans demonstrated that the miR-219a-1-3p was significantly differentially expressed depending on sex in peripheral blood from physiologically unaffected individuals, with concordant findings across both microarray and high-throughput sequencing cohorts [Meder et al. DOI:10.1373/clinchem.2014.224238]. In a separate human study of coronary artery disease, the miR-219a-1-3p was identified as downregulated in patient plasma compared to controls and was listed among the top ten downregulated microRNAs [Zhong et al. DOI:10.1002/jcla.23020].