Forensic Context

A study in humans demonstrated that the mir-224 is markedly upregulated in plasma following trauma and contains pro-inflammatory nucleotide motifs, with its expression showing a severity-dependent increase and strong correlation with various injury markers [Ren et al. DOI:10.1016/j.isci.2025.113569]. In human skin, the mir-224 was found to be upregulated in burn hypertrophic scar tissue compared to normal skin, though its expression was downregulated in burn hypertrophic scar versus normal skin in another finding [Siu et al. DOI:10.1111/wrr.13100]. A study in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) identified the mir-224 as one of the ten most statistically significant common radiation response miRNAs in serum, showing altered expression common to both genders and both radiation doses across multiple time points up to 270 days following whole thorax irradiation [May et al. DOI:10.1038/s41598-022-16316-x]. A review of ionizing radiation biomarkers notes the mir-224 is present only in plasma among various body fluids, highlighting its potential as a tissue-specific marker [Jia & Wang DOI:10.3389/fcell.2022.861451].