A study in humans demonstrated that the mir-3146 is a differentially expressed microRNA shared across three pairs of monozygotic twins, as identified through miRNA microarray analysis of blood samples and validated by qRT-PCR, indicating its potential role in distinguishing genetically identical individuals for forensic identification [Xiao et al. DOI:10.1016/j.fsigen.2019.05.003]. In rhesus macaques, the mir-3146 was identified as a feature in a gender-specific model for predicting the future onset of pleural effusion following thoracic irradiation [May et al. DOI:10.1038/s41598-022-16316-x].