A study in humans identified the miR-3197 as a novel semen-specific miRNA marker for forensic body fluid identification, demonstrating high overexpression in semen and high sensitivity and specificity with an AUC of approximately 0.97 in validation [Park et al. DOI:10.1002/elps.201400075]. Separately, research in human cells showed the miR-3197 is upregulated in a dose-dependent manner at 4 and 24 hours post-ionizing radiation exposure in human lymphoblastoid AHH-1 cells and in human peripheral blood lymphocytes irradiated ex vivo, identifying it as a radiation exposure biomarker [Song et al. DOI:10.3390/life10120361].