Forensic Context

A study in humans demonstrated that the mir-328 was downregulated in serum from patients with mild traumatic brain injury at baseline compared to controls and was excluded from further analysis as not suitable as a biomarker for this condition [Polito et al. DOI:10.1007/s11033-020-05386-7]. A separate review of human studies reported that the mir-328 was downregulated 24 hours post-injury in skin wounds compared to unwounded skin [Siu et al. DOI:10.1111/wrr.13100]. A study in Sprague-Dawley rats demonstrated that the mir-328 is significantly upregulated in the corpus cavernosum of obese rats with erectile dysfunction (ED) and its overexpression decreases the erectile response to apomorphine and reduces heme oxygenase-1 expression, functionally facilitating the induction of obesity-related ED [Bai et al. DOI:10.1016/j.esxm.2017.06.006]. A review summarizing findings across human, rat, and mouse models indicates that in rats with type 2 diabetes, an antagomir for the mir-328 can improve ED by downregulating advanced glycation end products and upregulating cGMP, eNOS, and Dickkopf-3 levels, and further notes its upregulation in obesity-related ED rat models where it can impair erectile function [Chen et al. DOI:10.1111/and.13596].