A study in humans demonstrated that the miR-338-5p is upregulated 6 hours post-burn in heat-shocked skin epidermal stem cells compared to controls [Siu et al. DOI:10.1111/wrr.13100]. A study in rats demonstrated that the miR-338-5p was upregulated 1.58-fold in the hippocampus of heroin-addicted Wistar rats compared to controls [Pence et al. DOI:10.1007/S00221-024-06972-Y]. In a separate investigation in outbred heterogeneous stock rats, the miR-338-5p was upregulated in the prelimbic prefrontal cortex and downregulated in the nucleus accumbens following an 18-hour withdrawal from escalated cocaine self-administration [Kumaresan et al. DOI:10.3390/Biomedicines11051368].