This gene encodes component E2 of the multi-enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC). PDC resides in the inner mitochondrial membrane and catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl coenzyme A. The protein product of this gene, dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase, accepts acetyl groups formed by the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate and transfers them to coenzyme A. Dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase is the antigen for antimitochondrial antibodies. These autoantibodies are present in nearly 95% of patients with the autoimmune liver disease primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). In PBC, activated T lymphocytes attack and destroy epithelial cells in the bile duct where this protein is abnormally distributed and overexpressed. PBC enventually leads to cirrhosis and liver failure. Mutations in this gene are also a cause of pyruvate dehydrogenase E2 deficiency which causes primary lactic acidosis in infancy and early childhood.[provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009]
Forensic Context
A study in humans demonstrated that the DLAT gene, involved in acetyl-CoA biosynthesis, was upregulated in abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue in response to a 7-day overfeeding intervention [Shea et al. DOI:10.3945/ajcn.2008.25970]. In a separate human study, the DLAT gene was also upregulated as part of the metabolism of amino acids and derivatives pathway in the colon and heart during septic shock [Pinheiro da Silva et al. DOI:10.1111/jcmm.17938]. A study in mice demonstrated that burn injury induces significant down-regulation of the DLAT gene expression in skeletal muscle at three days post-injury, as part of a broader suppression of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and glycolytic pathways [Padfield et al. DOI:10.01211102].