| ID | Sequence | Length | GC content |
|---|---|---|---|
| GGCGGCGGCAGGACCGAGCGCGGCAGGCGGCUGGCCCAGCGCACGCAGC… | 2779 nt | 0.6107 | |
| GGCGGCGGCAGGACCGAGCGCGGCAGGCGGCUGGCCCAGCGCACGCAGC… | 2863 nt | 0.6112 | |
| GGCGGCGGCAGGACCGAGCGCGGCAGGCGGCUGGCCCAGCGCACGCAGC… | 2957 nt | 0.6118 | |
| GGCGGCGGCAGGACCGAGCGCGGCAGGCGGCUGGCCCAGCGCACGCAGC… | 2922 nt | 0.6126 | |
| GGCGGCGGCAGGACCGAGCGCGGCAGGCGGCUGGCCCAGCGCACGCAGC… | 3006 nt | 0.6131 | |
| GGCGGCGGCAGGACCGAGCGCGGCAGGCGGCUGGCCCAGCGCACGCAGC… | 3075 nt | 0.6143 | |
| UAAUUAUGGGUCUGUAACCACCCUGGACUGGGUGCUCCUCACUGACGGA… | 3008 nt | 0.5805 |
This gene encodes one of the three members of the human AKT serine-threonine protein kinase family which are often referred to as protein kinase B alpha, beta, and gamma. These highly similar AKT proteins all have an N-terminal pleckstrin homology domain, a serine/threonine-specific kinase domain and a C-terminal regulatory domain. These proteins are phosphorylated by phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). AKT /PI3K forms a key component of many signalling pathways that involve the binding of membrane-bound ligands such as receptor tyrosine kinases, G-protein coupled receptors, and integrin-linked kinase. These AKT proteins therefore regulate a wide variety of cellular functions including cell proliferation, survival, metabolism, and angiogenesis in both normal and malignant cells. AKT proteins are recruited to the cell membrane by phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3) after phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) by PI3K. Subsequent phosphorylation of both threonine residue 308 and serine residue 473 is required for full activation of the AKT 1 protein encoded by this gene. Phosphorylation of additional residues also occurs, for example, in response to insulin growth factor-1 and epidermal growth factor. Protein phosphatases act as negative regulators of AKT proteins by dephosphorylating AKT or PIP3. The PI3K/ AKT signalling pathway is crucial for tumor cell survival. Survival factors can suppress apoptosis in a transcription-independent manner by activating AKT 1 which then phosphorylates and inactivates components of the apoptotic machinery. AKT proteins also participate in the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling pathway which controls the assembly of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4F (eIF4E) complex and this pathway, in addition to responding to extracellular signals from growth factors and cytokines, is disregulated in many cancers. Mutations in this gene are associated with multiple types of cancer and excessive tissue growth including Proteus syndrome and Cowden syndrome 6, and breast, colorectal, and ovarian cancers. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2020] CIViC Summary for AKT1 Gene AKT 1, also referred to as protein kinase B, is a known oncogene. AKT activation relies on the PI3K pathway, and is recognized as a critical node in the pathway. The E17 hotspot is the most characterized of AKT 1 mutations, and has been shown to result in activation of the protein. Mutations in AKT 1 have also been shown to confer resistance to allosteric kinase inhibitors in vitro.
A study in rats demonstrated that the AKT1 mRNA was elevated at 24 hours after a 10-11 psi blast exposure and at all time points following a more severe 14-15 psi exposure, indicating its role in fibroblast proliferation pathways as part of the vascular wound healing response to blast-induced traumatic brain injury [Balaban et al. DOI:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2016.02.001].