Basic Information

Symbol
GPX4
RNA class
mRNA
Alias
Glutathione Peroxidase 4 PHGPx MCSP Phospholipid Hydroperoxide Glutathione Peroxidase GPX4 Phospholipid Hydroperoxidase Selenoprotein GPX4 EC 1.11.1.12 GSHPx-4 GPx-4 Phospholipid Hydroperoxide Glutathione Peroxidase, Mitochondrial Glutathione Peroxidase 4 (Phospholipid Hydroperoxidase) Epididymis Secretory Sperm Binding Protein Sperm Nucleus Glutathione Peroxidase EC 1.11.1.9 EC 1.11.1 SnPHGPx SnGPx SMDS
Location (GRCh38)
19:1103982-1106791
UCSC Genome Browser Search in Marker Scope
Forensic tag(s)
Mechanical injury analysis
External database
HGNC NCBI Ensembl OMIM UniProt GTEx

MANE select

Transcript ID
NM_002085.5
Sequence length
851.0 nt
GC content
0.6228

Secondary Structure

Generated by RNAfold
Minimum free energy (MFE) structure:
Secondary structure that contributes a minimum of free energy.
Ensemble properties:
Thermodynamic properties of the Boltzmann ensemble.
Minimum free energy
-358.70 kcal/mol
Thermodynamic ensemble
Free energy: -370.62 kcal/mol
Frequency: 0.0000
Diversity: 202.40
MFE Structure Visualization
Structure Prediction
MFE Structure Prediction
....(((((((((.((.(.(((((.((((..(((((...((......))...))))).))))..))))).)))))......)))))))..((.((((((((((.(((((((.(((((((..((((((((((..((((((((.((((.....)))).)).))))))(((((...((((.....(((.....)))....(((((((((((((....(((((.......)))))...)))))))).))))).....))))(((((.....))))).........((((((((((((((((..((((...........))))..))))))))))))))))((.(((((..(((((((...........)))))))))))).))..)))))..((((............))))..((((((.....(((((..........((((((((.....))).)))))(((.......)))....(((((((((((((((....)))))..((((((((..(((((..(((((....(((((((.(((((...((((((.(((((((.((.....))..((.(.(((((((...))))))).).))...)))))))...))))))((((((((...........)).))))))..)))))...)).)))))....))).))....)))))..))))))))...)))))).)))).....)))))....))))))...(((.(((((((((...((.(.........).))...))))))))))))..))))))..)))).))))))).)))).))).)))))...(((..((......))))).....)))))))......
Thermodynamic Ensemble Prediction
...,(((((((((.{{.((((.((((((,..||||}}..,|}}},,,||...,}}}}.}})),|}},,||}|}}|,.,...})}))))|.,{.{{{({(((((.(((((((.(((((((..((((((((((..((((((({{((((.....)))).),,))))))(((({...{,{(.{,..(((.....)))....(((((((((((((....(((((.......)))))...)))))))).))))).....}}}}(((((.....))))).........((((((((((((((((..((((..,.....,..))))..))))))))))))))))({.(((((,,(((((((...........)))))))))))}.)).,))}}}..((({............)))}..((((((.....(((((..........((((((((.....))).))))){(({......})).,,,(((((((((((((((....)))))..((((((((..(((((..,((({....{|||{{,.({(((,{{({{{{|,|||||{{.{{.....}}..((,(.(({((((..,,||||||.|{},.{{}}|||||...|||}||((({{,.((......,,,.)),)),)))},)))}),.,),,)))))..,,)))})),,..)))))..))))))))...))))))}}))).....)))))....))))))...(((.(((((((((...{(.{{........).)),..))))))))))))..))))))..)))).))))))).)))).))).))))),,||||}||},.,,..}|))).....})}))},......

Transcripts

ID Sequence Length GC content
NM_001039847.3 NCBI
AUUGGUCGGCUGGACGAGGGGAGGAGCCGCUGGCUCCCAGCCCCGCCGC… 873 nt 0.6208
NM_001039848.4 NCBI
AGUCCUGACUACGGCCUCCGGGCCCUUUGUCCCCGCUAGCGGCGCUCGG… 997 nt 0.6499
NM_001367832.1 NCBI
GCCUUUGCCGCCUACUGAAGCCGGCGCUGCUCUGUGGGGCUCUGGCCGC… 788 nt 0.6129
NM_002085.5 NCBI
AUUGGUCGGCUGGACGAGGGGAGGAGCCGCUGGCUCCCAGCCCCGCCGC… 851 nt 0.6228
Summary

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the glutathione peroxidase family, members of which catalyze the reduction of hydrogen peroxide, organic hydroperoxides and lipid hydroperoxides, and thereby protect cells against oxidative damage. Several isozymes of this gene family exist in vertebrates, which vary in cellular location and substrate specificity. This isozyme has a high preference for lipid hydroperoxides and protects cells against membrane lipid peroxidation and cell death. It is also required for normal sperm development; thus, it has been identified as a 'moonlighting' protein because of its ability to serve dual functions as a peroxidase, as well as a structural protein in mature spermatozoa. Mutations in this gene are associated with Sedaghatian type of spondylometaphyseal dysplasia (SMDS). This isozyme is also a selenoprotein, containing the rare amino acid selenocysteine (Sec) at its active site. Sec is encoded by the UGA codon, which normally signals translation termination. The 3' UTRs of selenoprotein mRNAs contain a conserved stem-loop structure, designated the Sec insertion sequence (SECIS) element, that is necessary for the recognition of UGA as a Sec codon, rather than as a stop signal. Transcript variants resulting from alternative splicing or use of alternate promoters have been described to encode isoforms with different subcellular localization. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2018]

Forensic Context

A study in rats demonstrated that skeletal muscle contusion induces ferroptosis, evidenced by significantly decreased GPX4 protein levels alongside increased Fe2+ and MDA, with these effects being reversed by ferroptosis inhibitors [Yang et al. DOI:10.3390/ijms252011317]. In human HT-29 cells exposed to arsenic trioxide, immunoblotting showed no significant change in GPX4 protein levels, indicating its expression was not altered under those specific heavy metal exposure conditions [Kazuta et al. DOI:10.1016/J.Legalmed.2026.102774].