Basic Information

Symbol
GYPB
RNA class
mRNA
Alias
Glycophorin B (MNS Blood Group) PAS-3 GPB Sialoglycoprotein Delta CD235b SS SS-Active Sialoglycoprotein Ss Sialoglycoprotein Glycophorin-B MNS Glycophorin B, Blood Group System Ss, S, Mit+ Glycophorin B/Glycophorin A Fusion Protein Glycophorin B (Includes Ss Blood Group) Blood Group System MNSs, St(A) Type E Blood Group System MNSs, St(A) Type F Blood Group System MNSs, Mur-Like Glycophorin B Blood Group Antigen Glycophorin B (Ss Blood Group) Glycophorin B Transcript Hybrid Glycophorin Kip GYPB/GYPA Fusion GYPB-A-B Fusion Glycophorin Hop Ss Blood Group CD235b Antigen GYPB-A Fusion Glycophorin A GYPA GYP
Location (GRCh38)
4:143996104-144019380
UCSC Genome Browser Search in Marker Scope
Forensic tag(s)
Tissue/body fluid identification
External database
HGNC NCBI Ensembl OMIM UniProt GTEx

MANE select

Transcript ID
NM_002100.6
Sequence length
564.0 nt
GC content
0.4184

Secondary Structure

Generated by RNAfold
Minimum free energy (MFE) structure:
Secondary structure that contributes a minimum of free energy.
Ensemble properties:
Thermodynamic properties of the Boltzmann ensemble.
Minimum free energy
-135.10 kcal/mol
Thermodynamic ensemble
Free energy: -145.48 kcal/mol
Frequency: 0.0000
Diversity: 182.07
MFE Structure Visualization
Structure Prediction
MFE Structure Prediction
.((((.((((((....((((.((((((((.(....)))).)))))...((((((..((((((..(((.(((((.....(((((((((.((..((((.((((.((.((((...)))).)).)))))))).)).)))))))))....((((((..((..(((((((((((((...)).))))))).....((((((((((.....(((......)))......)))...)))))))...(((((...)))))..(((((((..(((((((((...(((((((......)))))))............)))))))))...)))))))((((((....(((..(.((((........)))))..)))....)))))))))).))..)))))))))))........(((((.(((.......))))))))...)))..))))))..))))))....((.........))....(((.........)))......................))))..))))))))))...........................................
Thermodynamic Ensemble Prediction
.((((.((((((({..{(({,((((((((.{....}))),})))}.,{(({((,..,,{|||,,||,..,{(({....(((((((((.((..((({.((((.,,.{{{,...,}}).}}.)}}}|})}.)}.}))))))))....{{{({...{{{,{{{,(((((((((...)).)))))))..,,,(({,{{{{{{...,,|||......}}|{{{{{{,||{,,,||}|||{{{(((({...}))))..||||||,,{({,,{{{{{...(((((((......))))))),,})}.}))}}}))})))))),..}}|}}}}||,|||...,|}|}|,,||||,...,,,,})))...,}||{{,|||||,||||,,,{{||||,||{.|.,,{.,,..|||{|,|||.,,....))}))))}...}}}..,)))),..)))})),...||.,..,,...}),,,,|||........,)))..............}....,,,)))).}))),,,))))...........................................

Transcripts

ID Sequence Length GC content
NM_001304382.1 NCBI
GCAGUUGUCUUUGGUAGUUUUUUUGCACUAACUUCAGGAACCAGCUCAU… 609 nt 0.4220
NM_002100.6 NCBI
AACAGCUAGUAGGCUAAGGCCAGACACUGACACUUGCAGUUGUCUUUGG… 564 nt 0.4184
Summary

Glycophorins A (GYPA) and B (GYPB) are major sialoglycoproteins of the human erythrocyte membrane which bear the antigenic determinants for the MN and Ss blood groups. GYPB gene consists of 5 exons and has 97% sequence homology with GYPA from the 5' UTR to the coding sequence encoding the first 45 amino acids. In addition to the M or N and S or s antigens, that commonly occur in all populations, about 40 related variant phenotypes have been identified. These variants include all the variants of the Miltenberger complex and several isoforms of Sta; also, Dantu, Sat, He, Mg, and deletion variants Ena, S-s-U- and Mk. Most of the variants are the result of gene recombinations between GYPA and GYPB. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2015]

Forensic Context

A study in humans demonstrated that the GYPB mRNA is a specific marker for venous blood identification, exhibiting low expression in the target body fluid but no detectable reads in other tested body fluids [Yu et al. DOI:10.1016/j.fsigen.2025.103416]. A study in human bloodstained fingermarks demonstrated that the GYPB mRNA marker for blood identification can be successfully detected after chemical enhancement, though detection efficacy varies by method, with leucocrystal violet preventing detection in the most depleted samples and aqueous amido black and acid yellow also showing adverse effects on depleted marks [Fox et al. DOI:10.1016/j.scijus.2014.01.001]. A co-extraction method for human forensic samples confirmed the GYPB is reliably detected in blood samples and casework bloodstains, enabling body fluid identification alongside DNA profiling from the same sample [Bowden et al. DOI:10.1016/J.Fsigen.2009.11.007].