| ID | Sequence | Length | GC content |
|---|---|---|---|
| ACAUUCUCCCCAGAGGCCGAGAUGCGGGUCAUGGCGCCCCGAGCCCUCC… | 1542 nt | 0.6005 |
HLA-C belongs to the HLA class I heavy chain paralogues. This class I molecule is a heterodimer consisting of a heavy chain and a light chain (beta-2 microglobulin). The heavy chain is anchored in the membrane. Class I molecules play a central role in the immune system by presenting peptides derived from endoplasmic reticulum lumen. They are expressed in nearly all cells. The heavy chain is approximately 45 kDa and its gene contains 8 exons. Exon one encodes the leader peptide, exons 2 and 3 encode the alpha1 and alpha2 domain, which both bind the peptide, exon 4 encodes the alpha3 domain, exon 5 encodes the transmembrane region, and exons 6 and 7 encode the cytoplasmic tail. Polymorphisms within exon 2 and exon 3 are responsible for the peptide binding specificity of each class one molecule. Typing for these polymorphisms is routinely done for bone marrow and kidney transplantation. About 6000 HLA-C alleles have been described. The HLA system plays an important role in the occurrence and outcome of infectious diseases, including those caused by the malaria parasite, the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV). The structural spike and the nucleocapsid proteins of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, which causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), are reported to contain multiple Class I epitopes with predicted HLA restrictions. Individual HLA genetic variation may help explain different immune responses to a virus across a population.[provided by RefSeq, Aug 2020] CIViC Summary for HLA-C Gene
A study in human post-mortem brain tissues demonstrated that the HLA-C was specifically up-regulated in chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) compared to normal controls, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and mixed CTE/AD cases, as part of a cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) pathway alteration identified through transcriptome sequencing and differential expression analysis [Cho et al. DOI:10.1038/s41598-020-65916-y]. A study in humans demonstrated that the HLA-C is a highly expressed housekeeping gene with a low coefficient of variation across individuals differing in genetics, environment, age, and gender [Sharma et al. DOI:10.1152/physiolgenomics.00228.2003].