Basic Information

Symbol
HLA-G
RNA class
mRNA
Alias
Major Histocompatibility Complex, Class I, G HLA Class I Histocompatibility Antigen, Alpha Chain G HLA-G Histocompatibility Antigen, Class I, G MHC Class I Antigen G B2 Microglobulin HLA G Antigen Mutant MHC Class Ib Antigen Mutant MHC Class I Antigen MHC Class Ib Antigen MHC Class I Protein HLA-6.0 MHC-G HLAG
Location (GRCh38)
6:29826967-29831125
UCSC Genome Browser Search in Marker Scope
Forensic tag(s)
Cause of death analysis Time since deposition estimation
External database
HGNC NCBI Ensembl OMIM UniProt GTEx

MANE select

Transcript ID
NM_001384290.1
Sequence length
1319.0 nt
GC content
0.6027

Secondary Structure

Generated by RNAfold
Minimum free energy (MFE) structure:
Secondary structure that contributes a minimum of free energy.
Ensemble properties:
Thermodynamic properties of the Boltzmann ensemble.
Minimum free energy
-544.00 kcal/mol
Thermodynamic ensemble
Free energy: -566.36 kcal/mol
Frequency: 0.0000
Diversity: 426.80
MFE Structure Visualization
Structure Prediction
MFE Structure Prediction
........((((.(((.(((.(((((((((.(((.((((((..................))))))))).)))))...))))...))).)))((((((((.(((...))).........(((.((((.((....)).)))).)))))))))))(((((((((((.(((((((.((((.....)))).))))))))))))..)).))))(((((..(((((((.((......)).)))))))..)))))(((((((((((((..(((((...(((((((((.(.((.((..(((..(((....(((.(((.(((.(((.......))))))...))).)))(((.((......)))))..((((((((.((.(((......))))).))))))))((((((.((.((((...)))).)).((..((.(((((((.....))))))).))..)).((((((..(((((((((.....)))((.((((((..((((((((((......))))))........)))))))))).))))))))((((((...)))))).....(((....)))....((.(((..((((((((.(((..((((.......((((.....))))..))))..))).)).))))))..)))))(.((((((...(((......)))..)))))).).(((((((.((((((((.(((.((((..(((...((((..((((((..((.(((...))).)).)))).))...))))))).)))))))))))..))))..))))))).(((((((((.(((((((((((....(((((((...(((((.(......).)))))))))))).((.((((.((.....((.((((.(.((((((((((((((.....))))))))))))))).))))..)).....)).)))))).))))))))..............))).)))))))))))))))((((((.(((...))).)))))))))))).((((..((.((.(.(((((.(((.((((.(((((..((((((((((((((...(((((..........))))).(((.....)))...)))))))...))))))).....))))).....))))))).))))).).)).))..)))).....))))))....)).)).))))))))))...((......)))))))..)))).........)))))))))......(((((.((((((....)))))).)))))....(((((((.......))))))).....(((((.........)))))))))........
Thermodynamic Ensemble Prediction
........((({,(((,,{{.||||(((((.(((.((((((...,.,........,...))))))))).)))))...}}}|{{{|,,,|||((((((((,{{({.,{{|.....,}}|{,({(({(,(({{{{||{||,|{|||||}}|||}{(({{{(((({{(((((((.((((.....)))).))))))))))))..||,||}}.,,,|||,||}}}|,||,,}}.}))}.))))))}))))|{(((((((((((((..(({,{.,,(((((((((,{.{{.((....|,..((((,.((({,,(.(((.(((.......)))))).,.,))}),))}}.......((((..((.((((((((.((.(((......))))).)))))))).))..)))){((((...||||{{,{{(((((.(((((((.....}}||||}.}}..|||,(((....|||,|||,,....})))|,.{|||{|,|||||||((((......})))||,|,,,.,,||||||||||.||||}}||(((((,...}})))}.....,{{.,,|}},.,.,((.(((..((((((((.(((..((((.....,.((((.....))))..))))..))).)}|))))))..))),)},((((((...(((......)))..)))))).}.,{(((((.((((({{{.{((.((((,.{{{,,.{{{{|,{(((((,||(.(({...})).}).}}}).))|.,||}}})}.))))})))))|,,})))..)))}}||{(((((((((.(((((((((((..,,(((((((...{((((.(......).)))))))))))).|{.((((.((.,,.,{(.((((.(.((((((((((((((.....))))))))))))))).))))..}}.}}..)).))))}}.))))))))...,{{,....},}))).))))))))).))).,|{||||.|||,,.))),)))))))))}}}}||||,|||.||,|.(((((.(((.((((.(((({..((((((((((((((,..{(({(,,..,,....)))))}|{{.....))).,.)))))))...))))))).....))))).....))))))).))))).).)).)).}))))))}},)}}))}})}.)),,}.,))))))))),}|||,.....}}}}}}}..}))}.....,,,,)))))))))}.....|)}},}}))|||,..,)))))}.)))))....{{{{{||,....},))}}}}|,{{,.(((((.........))))),}))}},.....

Transcripts

ID Sequence Length GC content
NM_001363567.2 NCBI
AUAUAGUAACAUAGUGUGGUACUUUGUCUUGAGGAGAUGUCCUGGACUC… 1386 nt 0.5938
NM_001384280.1 NCBI
AUAGUAGCAGGACCACUAUAGAGAGAACACUCAUGUAGCAGGUCAUGGA… 1424 nt 0.5934
NM_001384290.1 NCBI
AUUCUCCCCAGACGCCAAGGAUGGUGGUCAUGGCGCCCCGAACCCUCUU… 1319 nt 0.6027
NM_002127.6 NCBI
AUAUAGUAACAUAGUGUGGUACUUUGUCUUGAGGAGAUGUCCUGGACUC… 1489 nt 0.5910
Summary

HLA-G belongs to the HLA class I heavy chain paralogues. This class I molecule is a heterodimer consisting of a heavy chain and a light chain (beta-2 microglobulin). The heavy chain is anchored in the membrane. HLA-G is expressed on fetal derived placental cells. The heavy chain is approximately 45 kDa and its gene contains 8 exons. Exon one encodes the leader peptide, exons 2 and 3 encode the alpha1 and alpha2 domain, which both bind the peptide, exon 4 encodes the alpha3 domain, exon 5 encodes the transmembrane region, and exon 6 encodes the cytoplasmic tail. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Forensic Context

A study in humans demonstrated that the HLA-G serves as a stable housekeeping gene for normalizing mRNA levels in post-mortem brain tissue, with its expression used as a reference to quantify the relative amount of m-opiate receptor (MOR1) mRNA via real-time PCR [Becker et al. DOI:10.1016/J.Forsciint.2003.10.012]. The HLA-G is also established as a reference gene for gene expression studies in forensic molecular pathology, including applications for cause of death determination [Madea et al. DOI:10.1016/J.Forsciint.2010.07.017]. A study in humans demonstrated that the HLA-G exhibited the highest relative expression across saliva, blood, menstrual blood, and vaginal secretion stains and was among the highest in semen, showing consistent high expression across individual donors and successful detection in small and environmentally exposed stains, establishing it as an effective reference for mRNA quantity assessment prior to profiling [Moreno et al. DOI:10.1111/j.1556-4029.2012.02086.x]. Subsequent research in humans quantified the degradation state of the HLA-G transcript in dried bloodstains via ΔCq, finding its degradation rate accelerated 5-10 fold at 37°C versus 20°C and continued steadily even in cold, dry conditions, with multivariate regression indicating temperature and relative humidity similarly accelerated degradation for estimating sample age [Heneghan et al. DOI:10.1016/j.fsigen.2020.102456].