Histamine is a ubiquitous messenger molecule released from mast cells, enterochromaffin-like cells, and neurons. Its various actions are mediated by histamine receptors H1, H2, H3 and H4. The protein encoded by this gene is an integral membrane protein and belongs to the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily. It mediates the contraction of smooth muscles, the increase in capillary permeability due to contraction of terminal venules, the release of catecholamine from adrenal medulla, and neurotransmission in the central nervous system. It has been associated with multiple processes, including memory and learning, circadian rhythm, and thermoregulation. It is also known to contribute to the pathophysiology of allergic diseases such as atopic dermatitis, asthma, anaphylaxis and allergic rhinitis. Multiple alternatively spliced variants, encoding the same protein, have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2015]
Forensic Context
A study in rats demonstrated that histamine receptor H1 (HRH1) is one of the histamine receptor types identified in the brain [Shimada et al. DOI:10.1016/j.jocn.2011.06.033]. Research in human patients with head trauma found that HRH1 mRNA expression was significantly upregulated in the salivary extracellular vesicles of concussion clinic patients compared to healthy participants and was higher in these patients than in emergency department patients with acute injury [Cheng et al. DOI:10.4103/1673-5374.266924].