| ID | Sequence | Length | GC content |
|---|---|---|---|
| AUCCCAGUCGAGAUCCAUUGCAAAGCAUUGCAGAAUGUCGAUCCUCUUC… | 2588 nt | 0.4826 | |
| CAUUUGAAGGGGCUUUGGUGGUGUUCACAGCUGCCUCUUUGGCACCUCC… | 2553 nt | 0.4904 | |
| AGAAUCCGCCCCCUCCCCAACACGGCUGCCUUCCUCCUCCACAUCCCUG… | 2740 nt | 0.4964 | |
| AGACCAGUGAGAGACUGCUCUUUGGACUCUCCCUUUCUGCACAGUCCUG… | 2487 nt | 0.4805 | |
| CAUUUGAAGGGGCUUUGGUGGUGUUCACAGCUGCCUCUUUGGCACCUCC… | 2556 nt | 0.4906 |
The protein encoded by this gene is a preproprotein that is proteolytically processed to form the secreted opioid peptides beta-neoendorphin, dynorphin, leu-enkephalin, rimorphin, and leumorphin. These peptides are ligands for the kappa-type of opioid receptor. Dynorphin is involved in modulating responses to several psychoactive substances, including cocaine. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010]
A study in cynomolgus macaques demonstrated that acute methamphetamine administration significantly increased hippocampal PDYN mRNA expression, while chronic administration significantly decreased it compared to controls [Choi et al. DOI:10.1016/j.taap.2018.05.031]. In human postmortem brain tissue, PDYN was identified as a striatal marker enriched in the nucleus accumbens of unaffected comparison subjects relative to those with opioid use disorder [Seney et al. DOI:10.1016/j.biopsych.2021.06.007].