Basic Information

Symbol
PRM1
RNA class
mRNA
Alias
Protamine 1 CT94.1 Cancer/Testis Antigen Family 94, Member 1 Cysteine-Rich Protamine Sperm Protamine P1 Testicular Tissue Protein Li 91 Testis Specific Protamine 1 P1
Location (GRCh38)
Forensic tag(s)
Tissue/body fluid identification

MANE select

Transcript ID
NM_002761.3
Sequence length
399.0 nt
GC content
0.5338

Secondary Structure

Generated by RNAfold
Minimum free energy (MFE) structure:
Secondary structure that contributes a minimum of free energy.
Ensemble properties:
Thermodynamic properties of the Boltzmann ensemble.
Minimum free energy
-113.30 kcal/mol
Thermodynamic ensemble
Free energy: -118.73 kcal/mol
Frequency: 0.0001
Diversity: 44.31
MFE Structure Visualization
Structure Prediction
MFE Structure Prediction
.(((.(..((..((((((((((....)))))((((((...)))))).(((((((..((((((((.((..((.(((...((.((((.((.(((.......))).))))))..))....))).))))))))))))....)))))))...(((......)))((((.....((.((((((((.(((...((.((.......)).)).)))))).))))))).(((....)))(((((.(((......))))))))......................((((((.(((..........)))..((((((((...........))))))))......................)))))).))))...)))))..))..).)))(((((....))))).......
Thermodynamic Ensemble Prediction
.(((.{..((..((((({((((....))))}((((((...)))))).(((((((..((((((((.((..({.(((...((.(((,{((.(((.......))).))))))..}..,,.))).))))))))))))....)))))))...(((......)))((((.....((.((((((((.(((...((.((.......)).)).)))))).))))))).(((....)))(((((.(((......))))))))........,,............((((((.{((.,...,....||}..((((((((...........))))))))..||....,,,...........)))))).))))...)))))..))..).)))|((((....))))}.......

Transcripts

ID Sequence Length GC content
ACAGCCCACAGAGUUCCACCUGCUCACAGGUUGGCUGGCUCAGCCAAGG… 399 nt 0.5338
Summary

Predicted to enable DNA binding activity. Predicted to be involved in chromosome organization and spermatogenesis. Predicted to act upstream of or within nucleus organization and spermatid development. Located in cytosol and nucleoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Jul 2025]

Forensic Context

A study in human seminal fluid stains on laundered fabrics demonstrated that the mRNA marker PRM1 was the only semen-specific marker reliably detected alongside 18S rRNA in stains laundered at 40°C on both cotton and synthetic fabric, but it was not detected in stains laundered at 60°C [Kulstein et al. DOI:10.1016/j.fsigen.2018.06.017]. This research compared modular DNA/RNA extraction methods and found that mRNA profiling for body fluid identification was only possible for stains washed at 40°C, where PRM1 proved to be a stable and detectable marker for seminal fluid identification under those specific laundering conditions. A study in humans evaluating mRNA for cell type identification referenced the PRM1 as a semen-specific gene in the method by Juusola and Ballantyne, and it was amplified on target cell types only in the dataset from Roeder et al. [de Zoete et al. DOI:10.1016/j.fsigen.2015.09.007]. Another review noted that the PRM1 mRNA has been evaluated for forensic body fluid identification [Courts and Madea DOI:10.1016/J.Forsciint.2010.07.002].