Basic Information

Symbol
SPRR2A
RNA class
mRNA
Alias
Small Proline Rich Protein 2A Small Proline-Rich Protein 2A SPR-2A 2-1
Location (GRCh38)
1:153056120-153057512
UCSC Genome Browser Search in Marker Scope
Forensic tag(s)
Tissue/body fluid identification
External database
HGNC NCBI Ensembl OMIM UniProt GTEx

MANE select

Transcript ID
NM_005988.3
Sequence length
677.0 nt
GC content
0.5214

Secondary Structure

Generated by RNAfold
Minimum free energy (MFE) structure:
Secondary structure that contributes a minimum of free energy.
Ensemble properties:
Thermodynamic properties of the Boltzmann ensemble.
Minimum free energy
-181.3 kcal/mol
Thermodynamic ensemble
Free energy: -192.26 kcal/mol
Frequency: 0.0000
Diversity: 106.94
MFE Structure Visualization
Structure Prediction
MFE Structure Prediction
......((((((.(((.((((((..((((...(((........)))(((((((((....))).))))))......))))))))))...)))...)))))).........(((((...)))))....(((....(((((.((.(((...(((((((.....((((.........(((....)))..(((((((((((........)))(((((((.((.......)).))).).)))(((((......((((((((......((((((..((.(((.(((.(((((((((((.((((((((....(((..((.((((((.....(((((.(((.((((((..(((.....................)))......))))...))))))))))......)))))).)).....)))..)).)))))).....((.(((.....)))))..)))))))))))...))))))..)).....))))))))))).)))..)))))....))))))))...)))).....)))))))..((.(((((....))))).))....(((((((((((((....)).)))))).)))))(((.(.....).))).))).)).).))))....)))...((((...(..((((....((((.....))))..))))..)..))))....
Thermodynamic Ensemble Prediction
......((((((.(((.((((((..((((...(((........}}}(((((((((....))).))))))......))))))))))...)))...)))))).........(((((,..}}}||.{{,(((...,(((((.((.(((...(((((((.....((((...,..,,.,,,....)))..(((((((((((........)))(({,{,{{((........,.)))}).)))(((((......((((((((......((((((..((.((,{(((.(((((((((((.((((((((....,{{..((.((((((.....(((((.(((.((((((..({{.....................})}......)))).,,,,))))))))......)))))).)).....})),.)).)))))).....{{.,{{.....))},,..)))))))))))...))))))..)).,,..))))))))))).)))..)))))...,))))))))...))))...,.)))))))..((.(((((....))))).))....(((((((((((((....)).)))))).)))))(((.(.....).))).))).)).).)))).,..))}.}}|||,...{..((((....((((.....))))..))))..,..}))),,,.

Transcripts

ID Sequence Length GC content
NM_005988.3 NCBI
AAACCCCUGGUACCUGAGCACUGAUCUGCCUUGGAGAACCUGAUCCUGA… 677 nt 0.5214
Summary

Enables lipid binding activity. Involved in antibacterial humoral response and defense response to Gram-positive bacterium. Located in cytoplasm. Is active in extracellular region and secretory granule. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Jul 2025]

Forensic Context

A study in humans demonstrated that the SPRR2A is a general mucosa mRNA marker used in multiplex endpoint PCR assays for forensic body fluid identification, showing high expression in tongue and cross-reactivity with skin and mucous membranes [Lindenbergh et al. DOI:10.1016/J.Fsigen.2012.01.009]. Subsequent research on palmar hand and finger surfaces from 60 individuals found the SPRR2A was used in mRNA profiling to detect mucosa, with its co-expression alongside skin markers being frequently observed in these touch DNA samples [Lacerenza et al. DOI:10.1016/j.fsigen.2016.01.012]. A preliminary study evaluating mRNA markers for saliva identification in humans found that the SPRR2A was not specific [Haas et al. DOI:10.1016/j.fsigen.2012.10.011].