Basic Information

Symbol
TNP1
RNA class
mRNA
Alias
Transition Protein 1 Spermatid Nuclear Transition Protein 1 Transition Protein 1 (During Histone To Protamine Replacement) STP-1 TP-1 TP1
Location (GRCh38)
2:216859458-216860064
UCSC Genome Browser Search in Marker Scope
Forensic tag(s)
Tissue/body fluid identification
External database
HGNC NCBI Ensembl OMIM UniProt GTEx

MANE select

Transcript ID
NM_003284.4
Sequence length
407.0 nt
GC content
0.4988

Secondary Structure

Generated by RNAfold
Minimum free energy (MFE) structure:
Secondary structure that contributes a minimum of free energy.
Ensemble properties:
Thermodynamic properties of the Boltzmann ensemble.
Minimum free energy
-111.3 kcal/mol
Thermodynamic ensemble
Free energy: -118.17 kcal/mol
Frequency: 0.0000
Diversity: 88.18
MFE Structure Visualization
Structure Prediction
MFE Structure Prediction
((......((((((((((.((.((((..(((((.(....................).)))))..((((((((.((....))...))))))))...((((((.......(((((..((...........((....))....((((.....))))......((((....))))....))..))))))))))).(((((((((((.....))))))(((..((((((..........)))))).)))...)))))...((((..(((....((....))....)))..)))).((((....(((.((......)).)))......)))).......)))).)).)))))))))).......(((((((..........))))))).((((.......))))..)).....
Thermodynamic Ensemble Prediction
,(,,,{..((((((((((.((.((((...((({,{,,{,.{{{{{........{,.{|.|||,.((((((((.((....))...))))))))...{{||{|}......{||||,..,...........{{,,.,{{{,..|||,....,|}||...|{{((((.,..,}}}..,,))..}}}}))))))}.|||{{((((((.....))))))(((..((((((..........)))))).)},,,.,,,,}...{(((..(((....((....))....)))..)))}.{{||....(({.{{......)).)))....},)}))..}})..)))).)).)))))))))).......(((((((..,.......))))))).{{{{.....,,))),..,}.....

Transcripts

ID Sequence Length GC content
NM_003284.4 NCBI
GCAAAGCCCCUCAUUUUGGCAGAACUUACCAUGUCGACCAGCCGCAAAU… 407 nt 0.4988
Summary

Transition protein-1 is a spermatid-specific product of the haploid genome which replaces histone and is itself replaced in the mature sperm by the protamines (see PRM1, MIM 182880; PRM2, MIM 182890) (Luerssen et al., 1990 [PubMed 2249851]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]

Forensic Context

A study in humans characterized the TNP1 as a novel mRNA marker for the detection of semen containing spermatozoa, demonstrating strong and specific expression in semen samples with spermatozoa and showing higher sensitivity than a well-known marker with a statistically significant increase [Albani & Fleming DOI:10.1016/j.scijus.2017.09.002]. Subsequent research in humans developed an RT-LAMP-CRISPR assay for the TNP1, confirming its specific detection in semen samples and demonstrating its utility in a rapid, isothermal amplification method suitable for forensic screening laboratories [Lynch et al. DOI:10.1016/j.fsigen.2024.103167].