BRCA1 DNA Repair Associated
RNF53
PPP1R53
BRCC1
FANCS
Protein Phosphatase 1, Regulatory Subunit 53
Breast Cancer Type 1 Susceptibility Protein
BRCA1/BRCA2-Containing Complex, Subunit 1
Fanconi Anemia, Complementation Group S
Breast Cancer 1, Early Onset
RING Finger Protein 53
Breast And Ovarian Cancer Susceptibility Protein 1
RING-Type E3 Ubiquitin Transferase BRCA1
Early Onset Breast Cancer 1
Breast Cancer 1
EC 2.3.2.27
EC 6.3.2
BROVCA1
BRCAI
PNCA4
IRIS
PSCP
This gene encodes a 190 kD nuclear phosphoprotein that plays a role in maintaining genomic stability, and it also acts as a tumor suppressor. The BRCA 1 gene contains 22 exons spanning about 110 kb of DNA. The encoded protein combines with other tumor suppressors, DNA damage sensors, and signal transducers to form a large multi-subunit protein complex known as the BRCA 1-associated genome surveillance complex (BASC). This gene product associates with RNA polymerase II, and through the C-terminal domain, also interacts with histone deacetylase complexes. This protein thus plays a role in transcription, DNA repair of double-stranded breaks, and recombination. Mutations in this gene are responsible for approximately 40% of inherited breast cancers and more than 80% of inherited breast and ovarian cancers. Alternative splicing plays a role in modulating the subcellular localization and physiological function of this gene. Many alternatively spliced transcript variants, some of which are disease-associated mutations, have been described for this gene, but the full-length natures of only some of these variants has been described. A related pseudogene, which is also located on chromosome 17, has been identified. [provided by RefSeq, May 2020] CIViC Summary for BRCA1 Gene BRCA 1 mutations in the germline have become a hallmark for hereditary breast and ovarian cancers. Variants that have been demonstrated to reduce the function of the protein have been shown to increase the risk for these cancers, as well as prostate and pancreatic cancer. These findings have been the impetus for the increased popularity of genetic testing of healthy individuals to assess risk. Recent studies in ovarian cancer have also demonstrated that BRCA mutation status can predict treatment response. A number of trials assessing BRCA mutation status have shown an improved response to platinum agents, and more recently has led to the FDA-approval of PARP inhibitors for BRCA -positive ovarian cancers. These studies have resulted in the Society of Gynecologic Oncology to recommend germline BRCA testing in all patients with a diagnosis of ovarian cancer.
Forensic Context
No relevant information is available at the moment.