Basic Information

Symbol
YWHAZ
RNA class
mRNA
Alias
Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase/Tryptophan 5-Monooxygenase Activation Protein Zeta KCIP-1 14-3-3-Zeta Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase/Tryptophan 5-Monooxygenase Activation Protein, Delta Polypeptide Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase/Tryptophan 5-Monooxygenase Activation Protein, Zeta Polypeptide 14-3-3 Protein Zeta/Delta 14-3-3 Delta 14-3-3 Zeta YWHAD Tyrosine 3/Tryptophan 5 -Monooxygenase Activation Protein, Zeta Polypeptide 14-3-3 Protein/Cytosolic Phospholipase A2 Protein Kinase C Inhibitor Protein-1 Protein Kinase C Inhibitor Protein 1 Epididymis Secretory Protein Li 93 Epididymis Secretory Protein Li 3 Epididymis Luminal Protein 4 Phospholipase A2 HEL-S-93 HEL-S-3 POPCHAS HEL4
Location (GRCh38)
8:100916523-100953388
UCSC Genome Browser Search in Marker Scope
Forensic tag(s)
Cause of death analysis Individual identification
External database
HGNC NCBI Ensembl OMIM UniProt GTEx

MANE select

Transcript ID
NM_145690.3
Sequence length
5011.0 nt
GC content
0.3959

Transcripts

ID Sequence Length GC content
NM_001135699.2 NCBI
AUUGUCCCCUCGCGCAGUCACCGAGCGCAGAUCCCGCGCUCUCGAUUGG… 5065 nt 0.3966
NM_001135700.2 NCBI
CUCGGGGACCCAAGCGCGAGGGAAAGGCCUGGCCGAGAGCGGGCCGGAG… 4997 nt 0.3960
NM_001135701.2 NCBI
CUCGGGGACCCAAGCGCGAGGGAAAGGCCUGGCCGAGAGCGGGCCGGAG… 5046 nt 0.3999
NM_001135702.2 NCBI
GACACAGAUCCGCCAUGACAAAGGAGGAGAGUCGGGGACUUGAGCCGUG… 5085 nt 0.3959
NM_003406.4 NCBI
CUUCUUCCGGGCUCCCGUCCCGGCUCAUCACCCGGCCUGUGGCCCACUC… 5033 nt 0.3948
NM_145690.3 NCBI
GACAGAGUCUCAGCCUCGCCGCUGCUGCCGCCGCCGCCGCCCAGAGACU… 5011 nt 0.3959
Summary

This gene product belongs to the 14-3-3 family of proteins which mediate signal transduction by binding to phosphoserine-containing proteins. This highly conserved protein family is found in both plants and mammals, and this protein is 99% identical to the mouse, rat and sheep orthologs. The encoded protein interacts with IRS1 protein, suggesting a role in regulating insulin sensitivity. Several transcript variants that differ in the 5' UTR but that encode the same protein have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008]

Forensic Context

A study in human forensic autopsy lung tissue validated the YWHAZ as one of the most stable reference genes for mRNA normalization in RT-qPCR analyses of pulmonary edema, specifically identifying it as the second most stable among seven candidates using geNorm software [Du et al. DOI:10.1111/1556-4029.13199]. Separately, research on human blood demonstrated the YWHAZ served as a robust RNA target for validating the quality of nucleic acids extracted from minute blood volumes as low as 2 µl using a TRI reagent method, with consistent real-time PCR cycle threshold values confirming its utility [Farivar et al. DOI:10.1016/J.Forsciint.2019.109931]. A study in humans demonstrated that the YWHAZ was differentially expressed between monozygotic twins in blood leukocytes, belonging to the least variable category of random variation [Sharma et al. DOI:10.1152/physiolgenomics.00228.2003]. In rats, a related family member, tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein eta polypeptide, was validated as a hypothermia diagnostic marker, showing significantly higher expression in control hypothalami compared to hypothermic samples [Takamiya et al. DOI:10.1016/J.Jflm.2012.04.017].