| ID | Sequence | Length | GC content |
|---|---|---|---|
| ACCGCCGAGACCGCGUCCGCCCCGCGAGCACAGAGCCUCGCCUUUGCCG… | 1812 nt | 0.5519 |
This gene encodes one of six different actin proteins. Actins are highly conserved proteins that are involved in cell motility, structure, integrity, and intercellular signaling. The encoded protein is a major constituent of the contractile apparatus and one of the two nonmuscle cytoskeletal actins that are ubiquitously expressed. Mutations in this gene cause Baraitser-Winter syndrome 1, which is characterized by intellectual disability with a distinctive facial appearance in human patients. Numerous pseudogenes of this gene have been identified throughout the human genome. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2017] CIViC Summary for ACTB Gene
A study in human bloodstains demonstrated that the ACTB gene's RNA degradation ratios, specifically 578:51, 998:51, and 1782:51 bp fragment ratios, correlate well with the time since deposition for up to 6 months at room temperature, with the 578:51 ratio suitable for up to 6 months (R²=0.9585), the 998:51 for up to 2 months (R²=0.9151), and the 1782:51 for up to 1 month (R²=0.8653) [Nakanishi et al. DOI:10.1016/j.forsciint.2025.112708]. Another study in human forensic samples established the ACTB mRNA as a suitable reference marker for qPCR normalization due to its similarly high expression in skin and all tested body fluids, enabling sensitive detection from minute skin samples like thumbprints and showing stable expression after 6.5 months of storage [Visser et al. DOI:10.1007/s00414-010-0545-2]. A study in rats demonstrated that the ACTB mRNA, specifically the DCt value for b-actin, showed the highest correlation with postmortem interval (PMI) across multiple temperatures and was used to build a validated mathematical model for PMI estimation [Ma et al. DOI:10.1007/S12024-015-9703-7]. Research in pigs showed that differential degradation rates between a large (301 bp) and a small (71 bp) segment of porcine b-actin mRNA in tooth pulp could be used to estimate PMI for up to 84 days postmortem [Young et al. DOI:10.1016/J.Forsciint.2013.03.035].