This gene encodes the largest subunit of dynactin, a macromolecular complex consisting of 10 subunits ranging in size from 22 to 150 kD. Dynactin binds to both microtubules and cytoplasmic dynein. Dynactin is involved in a diverse array of cellular functions, including ER-to-Golgi transport, the centripetal movement of lysosomes and endosomes, spindle formation, chromosome movement, nuclear positioning, and axonogenesis. This subunit interacts with dynein intermediate chain by its domains directly binding to dynein and binds to microtubules via a highly conserved glycine-rich cytoskeleton-associated protein (CAP-Gly) domain in its N-terminus. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. Mutations in this gene cause distal hereditary motor neuronopathy type VIIB (HMN7B) which is also known as distal spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (dSBMA). [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008]
Forensic Context
A study in humans identified the DCTN1 as a member of a circadian clock gene co-expression module that was upregulated in subjects with methamphetamine-associated psychosis and enriched with convergent functional genomic evidence for psychosis and schizophrenia [Breen et al. DOI:10.1038/tp.2016.67]. This module demonstrated significant associations with psychoticism and posterior corpus callosum structure, and the DCTN1 itself was noted to overlap with a previous study validating blood biomarkers for delusions.