Basic Information

Symbol
DDIT3
RNA class
mRNA
Alias
DNA Damage Inducible Transcript 3 GADD153 CHOP10 CHOP C/EBP Zeta Growth Arrest And DNA Damage-Inducible Protein GADD153 CCAAT/Enhancer-Binding Protein Homologous Protein DNA Damage-Inducible Transcript 3 Protein C/EBP-Homologous Protein 10 Alternative DDIT3 Protein AltDDIT3 CHOP-10 Growth Arrest And DNA-Damage-Inducible Gene DDIT3 Upstream Open Reading Frame Protein DNA-Damage-Inducible Transcript 3 C/EBP Homologous Protein C/EBP-Homologous Protein C/EBPzeta DDIT-3 CEBPZ
Location (GRCh38)
12:57516588-57521737
UCSC Genome Browser Search in Marker Scope
Forensic tag(s)
Time since deposition estimation Drug abuse diagnoses
External database
HGNC NCBI Ensembl OMIM UniProt UniProt GTEx

MANE select

Transcript ID
NM_004083.6
Sequence length
903.0 nt
GC content
0.5050

Secondary Structure

Generated by RNAfold
Minimum free energy (MFE) structure:
Secondary structure that contributes a minimum of free energy.
Ensemble properties:
Thermodynamic properties of the Boltzmann ensemble.
Minimum free energy
-298.40 kcal/mol
Thermodynamic ensemble
Free energy: -315.04 kcal/mol
Frequency: 0.0000
Diversity: 170.63
MFE Structure Visualization
Structure Prediction
MFE Structure Prediction
(((..((((....))))..))).....((.((((........)))).))..(((((.((......))...((((((((((((..((((....(((..((((((....((..((((((....))))))..))....((...(((((.(((((((((((....((((.((.((((.......)))).)).))))....((((((((((((.(.(.((((((((((.((.(((((....((((....(((((((.....)))))))....)))).........((((((((..((((((...((((((.....((((((((((........)))))....)))))(((((((((..((((((((..((......))..))))))))...))))).))))........(((((.....((((.((((((....(((((((((......))))))..))))).))))))))........)))))..))))))....))))))....))).)))))))))))).))))))...)))).)).))))))))))))...............)))))..)))))).)).)))..))....)))))).)))...))))....(((((((((..............))))).)))))).))))))))))....(..(((((......)))))..).....(((.((((.((....))..)))).))).))))).(((((((((((((((.....((((.((((.............))))))))...(((((...........)))))......))))))))..))).))))......((((((.((...(((((((.((((.(((.(((.((......))))).))).)))).)))..))))))))))))....
Thermodynamic Ensemble Prediction
(((....((((((((((..(((((({{(({(.,,}}}}}...|.{(((.(((((({{(,.....,||,,.{((((((((({(..((((....(((.,((((((....((..((((((....))))))..))....((...(((((.(((((((((((....({{(.((.((((.....,.)))).)).)))},,..((((((((((((.(.(.((((((((((.((.(((((....((((....(((((((.....)))))))....))))........{((((((((..((((((...((((((.....,{({{(((((........)))))....||}}|(((((((((..((((((((..((......))..))))))))...))))).))))}.......(((((.,..,((((.((((((....(((((((((......))))))..))))),})))))))..,.,...)))))..))))))...,))))))....))).)))))))))))).)))))),..}))).)).))))))))))))..,,.......,...)))))..)))))).)).)))..}}.,..)))))}.)))...))))....(((((((((.,,.......},..))))).))))}).))))))))))...,,..{((((......))))}..}.....,,,.{(((,{{....}},,)}}}.}||{{|,,,....}}}}.||||,,,.}.,}))))).))).)))))).)))},)))))))...,{......,,||,.{{{{.{.......,))))}))))))}}})).)))....(((((({((...(((({{(.((((.(((.(((.{,......,,))).))).)))).)))..))))))))))))....

Transcripts

ID Sequence Length GC content
NM_001195053.1 NCBI
GAGGUCAGAGACUUAAGUCUAAGGCACUGAGCGUAUCAUGUUAAAGAUG… 1081 nt 0.4903
NM_001195054.1 NCBI
GAGGUCAGAGACUUAAGUCUAAGGCACUGAGCGUAUCAUGUUAAAGAUG… 1028 nt 0.4961
NM_001195055.1 NCBI
GAGGUCAGAGACUUAAGUCUAAGGCACUGAGCGUAUCAUGUUAAAGAUG… 1005 nt 0.5005
NM_001195056.1 NCBI
GAGGUCAGAGACUUAAGUCUAAGGCACUGAGCGUAUCAUGUUAAAGAUG… 1191 nt 0.4786
NM_001195057.1 NCBI
GAGGUCAGAGACUUAAGUCUAAGGCACUGAGCGUAUCAUGUUAAAGAUG… 910 nt 0.5000
NM_001413641.1 NCBI
GUCAGAGACUUAAGUCUAAGGCACUGAGCGUAUCAUGUUAAAGAUGAGC… 924 nt 0.5065
NM_001413642.1 NCBI
GUCAGAGACUUAAGUCUAAGGCACUGAGCGUAUCAUGUUAAAGAUGAGC… 876 nt 0.5114
NM_004083.6 NCBI
GUCAGAGACUUAAGUCUAAGGCACUGAGCGUAUCAUGUUAAAGAUGAGC… 903 nt 0.5050
Summary

This gene encodes a member of the CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) family of transcription factors. The protein functions as a dominant-negative inhibitor by forming heterodimers with other C/EBP members, such as C/EBP and LAP (liver activator protein), and preventing their DNA binding activity. The protein is implicated in adipogenesis and erythropoiesis, is activated by endoplasmic reticulum stress, and promotes apoptosis. Fusion of this gene and FUS on chromosome 16 or EWSR1 on chromosome 22 induced by translocation generates chimeric proteins in myxoid liposarcomas or Ewing sarcoma. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding two isoforms with different length have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2010]

Forensic Context

A study in humans demonstrated that the DDIT3 was significantly down-regulated in subcutaneous adipose tissue of heavier co-twins in BMI-discordant monozygotic twin pairs and was negatively correlated with adiposity and inflammation, while positively correlated with insulin sensitivity [Jukarainen et al. DOI:10.1210/jc.2015-3095]. Research in zebrafish showed that the DDIT3 transcript abundance significantly increased at 12 hours postmortem, classifying it among apoptosis and cancer-related genes with altered expression after death [Pozhitkov et al. DOI:10.1098/rsob.160267]. A study in human HT-29 colorectal adenocarcinoma cells demonstrated that arsenic trioxide exposure induced the DDIT3 protein, as shown by immunoblotting, indicating an unusual endoplasmic reticulum stress response [Kazuta et al. DOI:10.1016/J.Legalmed.2026.102774]. In a rat model, research in Wistar rats showed that the DDIT3 protein, an ER stress-induced apoptosis marker, was increased in the midbrain of saline-pretreated animals after a neurotoxic high-dose methamphetamine challenge, and this induction was inhibited by protective low-dose methamphetamine pretreatment [Takeichi et al. DOI:10.1016/J.Legalmed.2011.12.004].