| ID | Sequence | Length | GC content |
|---|---|---|---|
| AGUGGUGCGACAUUUAGGGAAGGCAGAAAGUAGGUCAGGGACGGAGGUG… | 2858 nt | 0.4570 | |
| AGUGGUGCGACAUUUAGGGAAGGCAGAAAGUAGGUCAGGGACGGAGGUG… | 2856 nt | 0.4559 | |
| AGUGGUGCGACAUUUAGGGAAGGCAGAAAGUAGGUCAGGGACGGAGGUG… | 2378 nt | 0.4550 | |
| AGUGGUGCGACAUUUAGGGAAGGCAGAAAGUAGGUCAGGGACGGAGGUG… | 2724 nt | 0.4548 | |
| AGUGGUGCGACAUUUAGGGAAGGCAGAAAGUAGGUCAGGGACGGAGGUG… | 2911 nt | 0.4579 | |
| AGUGGUGCGACAUUUAGGGAAGGCAGAAAGUAGGUCAGGGACGGAGGUG… | 2815 nt | 0.4540 | |
| AGUGGUGCGACAUUUAGGGAAGGCAGAAAGUAGGUCAGGGACGGAGGUG… | 2802 nt | 0.4561 | |
| AGUGGUGCGACAUUUAGGGAAGGCAGAAAGUAGGUCAGGGACGGAGGUG… | 2603 nt | 0.4541 | |
| AGUGGUGCGACAUUUAGGGAAGGCAGAAAGUAGGUCAGGGACGGAGGUG… | 2803 nt | 0.4549 | |
| AGUGGUGCGACAUUUAGGGAAGGCAGAAAGUAGGUCAGGGACGGAGGUG… | 2252 nt | 0.4547 |
The protein encoded by this gene is a basic helix-loop-helix protein that forms a heterodimer with CLOCK. This heterodimer binds E-box enhancer elements upstream of Period (PER1, PER2, PER3) and Cryptochrome (CRY1, CRY2) genes and activates transcription of these genes. PER and CRY proteins heterodimerize and repress their own transcription by interacting in a feedback loop with CLOCK/ ARNTL complexes. Defects in this gene have been linked to infertility, problems with gluconeogenesis and lipogenesis, and altered sleep patterns. The protein regulates interferon-stimulated gene expression and is an important factor in viral infection, including COVID-19. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2021]
A study in humans demonstrated that the BMAL1 mRNA exhibits statistically significant rhythmic expression in blood, with peak expression in the afternoon (15:30-17:00 h), and was identified as a candidate biomarker for estimating blood deposition time [Lech et al. DOI:10.1016/J.Fsigen.2015.12.008]. In forensic autopsy cases, the BMAL1 mRNA showed clear circadian oscillation in human kidney, liver, and heart tissues, where its expression ratio with hPer2 or hRev-Erbα provided a method for estimating the time of death, with specific ratio thresholds correlating to distinct time-of-day categories [Kimura et al. DOI:10.1007/s00414-010-0527-4].