Basic Information

Symbol
CTSL
RNA class
mRNA
Alias
Cathepsin L Cathepsin L1 CTSL1 Major Excreted Protein Procathepsin L EC 3.4.22.15 FLJ31037 MEP EC 3.4.22 CATL
Location (GRCh38)
9:87724051-87731469
UCSC Genome Browser Search in Marker Scope
Forensic tag(s)
Postmortem interval inference
External database
HGNC NCBI Ensembl OMIM UniProt GTEx

MANE select

Transcript ID
NM_001912.5
Sequence length
1654.0 nt
GC content
0.4873

Secondary Structure

Generated by RNAfold
Minimum free energy (MFE) structure:
Secondary structure that contributes a minimum of free energy.
Ensemble properties:
Thermodynamic properties of the Boltzmann ensemble.
Minimum free energy
-545.30 kcal/mol
Thermodynamic ensemble
Free energy: -575.24 kcal/mol
Frequency: 0.0000
Diversity: 557.88
MFE Structure Visualization
Structure Prediction
MFE Structure Prediction
....(((((....((((........))))....)))))(((((((((((((.(......).)).)))))...((.((.(((((....((((.((..((((((.(((((..(((..(.(.((((((..(((..((((.((......))))))....)))..)))))).)))))..)))))))))))...)).))))...))))).).).))....((((.((((.(((((((((.((.(((......))).)).))..)))))))(((.((((((....(((.((((.....)))).)))....))))))..)))(((((((((.(((..((((((((((((..((........))....))))..))))))..))...))).))))))))).((((...............)))).........((((((((((..(.(((((((((((.(..(((.(((..((((((.......))))))...((((((.(..(((........((((((..(((.((((....((...))...)))).)))))))))...(((.((((.((((...(((((((((((.(((((.(((((((((((((...((((.(((.(((((..((((...((((((((((((((((((..(((..((.((((.((((((((((((.((((........)))))))).))).((((((...((((..(((((...))))).))))...)))))).....((((((....))))))))))).)))).)).)))..)))).))))))...........)))))))).........(((((((....)))))))..(((((.(((((....))))))))))(((((..(((..(((........)))..))))))))......(((((((((............((((........)))))))))))))...))))..)).))).))))))).))..((((((((..((((((.......(((((....)))))))))))..))))))))(((..((((....))))..)))))))))))((((....))))(((.((......))))).((((.(((((.......((((...))))...)))))..)))))))))))).))))))))).))..))))...............((((((((........(((((((((((.(((((..(.(.(((((((((.....).)))))....))).).)...))))).)....)))))))))).)))))))).....)))).)))((((((((((((.((((((......((((..((.(.....).))..)).))......)))))).)).)))))))))))))).))))))(((((.((((((((.(((......))).)))))))))))))..))))))..).))))))))))).)........)))))))))).((((((((..(((((((((.....((((..((((..(((..(((...........)))..)))..))))..))))......)))))))))....................)))))))))))))))).............))))))......((((((........))))))...((((...))))....
Thermodynamic Ensemble Prediction
....(((((....((((........))))....))))),((((.(((((((.,,...,.},)).)))))...||,|(,((((({,{{({{{,{{,||||||{.(((({..{{{..,.,.{{({((,,{((.,((((,{{,,....}})))|,|..}}}..)))))}.||}}}..}}}}}}}}}}}.,.||,||}}...}})}}|),||||{{{.{(((,{((({(((((((((.((.(({,,...,)}),)).))..))))))).,,,))}|{{,..,({(,({,,...,.}),,|))|...,||||)}||}}|||||{{{{|,{||..,{|||{{||{{{.,((........|}....))}},,)))))),,)),..))}.})))}})))},(((,{,,..,,,,....,||||.,,...,,|{{{({(((((..{.(((((((((({.,..(((.(({..((((((.......)))))}...{(((((,(..(((...,,,,,((((((..(((.((((..,.((...)).,.)))).)))))))))...{{{.{({({({{(,..{((((({({{{.{{{{,,{((({{{{{((({..,(({{((({{((((,{{((((({.{((((((((((({(({{{.,{{{|{,{,((,{{{(((((((((((.((((........)))))))).)))))}}})}..,{{{||||{{({.,,.|||}.}}|}|,,.}})))))).))})))),..}))}}}}}|}}|,}}}}.}},}}},,))}}..}||||,{{{,,,.,,,||||||||.,|||....{((((((....)))))))..{((({,{{{{{,|||||}||||}||(((((..(((..(((.,....,.)))..))))))))......((((((((((......,,...,,,,........},,)))))))))).....,.,,||.,,},))},||||||{.((((({((,,((((((.......(((({....}))))))))))..,))))}))|||..{{{{,,..|||}..||||||||||}{(((....)))}{{(.{{......,,|||,(,((.,{{(((({.,,,((({...}}}},},)}))|{|||||||||}}}}.|||}}}}}}.}}..}))}.....,,,,....,,||{((({{......,.(((((((((((.(((((..{.(.(((((((({.....}.))))),...,)).).}...))))).)....)))))))))),)))))))),,.}})))).}})||||||{{{{||.||{{||,,,,,,||||.,||,|,,,,.),)).,),,)),,,,..)))))).,),)))))))))))))).)))))|(((((.((((((((.(((......))).))))))))))))),.}}))))..,.})))))))))).}.....,}.))))))}}},..{{((((({,(((((((((..,.,{{{{..{{((..{{,..{{{..,,,,.,...}}}..,},.,)))),,)}}},,....))))))))}......,,,,.........,)))))))))}}}}}))}}},}.}|||}|}}))||,.,,,,,||||||,.......,}},,,..,{{||...})))....

Transcripts

ID Sequence Length GC content
NM_001257971.2 NCBI
AGAACCGCGACCUCCGCAACCUUGAGCGGCAUCCGUGGAGUGCGCCUGC… 1564 nt 0.4731
NM_001257972.2 NCBI
AGAACCGCGACCUCCGCAACCUUGAGCGGCAUCCGUGGAGUGCGCCUGC… 1505 nt 0.4671
NM_001257973.2 NCBI
AGAACCGCGACCUCCGCAACCUUGAGCGGCAUCCGUGGAGUGCGCCUGC… 1079 nt 0.4597
NM_001382757.1 NCBI
AGAACCGCGACCUCCGCAACCUUGAGCGGCAUCCGUGGAGUGCGCCUGC… 1762 nt 0.4904
NM_001382758.1 NCBI
AGAACCGCGACCUCCGCAACCUUGAGCGGCAUCCGUGGAGUGCGCCUGC… 1366 nt 0.4700
NM_001382766.1 NCBI
AGAACCGCGACCUCCGCAACCUUGAGCGGCAUCCGUGGAGUGCGCCUGC… 1391 nt 0.4709
NM_001382767.1 NCBI
AGAACCGCGACCUCCGCAACCUUGAGCGGCAUCCGUGGAGUGCGCCUGC… 1536 nt 0.4922
NM_001382768.1 NCBI
AGAACCGCGACCUCCGCAACCUUGAGCGGCAUCCGUGGAGUGCGCCUGC… 1446 nt 0.4772
NM_001912.5 NCBI
AGAACCGCGACCUCCGCAACCUUGAGCGGCAUCCGUGGAGUGCGCCUGC… 1654 nt 0.4873
NM_145918.3 NCBI
AGAACCGCGACCUCCGCAACCUUGAGCGGCAUCCGUGGAGUGCGCCUGC… 1509 nt 0.4672
Summary

The protein encoded by this gene is a l ysosoma l cysteine proteinase that p l ays a major ro l e in intrace l l u l ar protein catabo l ism. Its substrates inc l ude co l l agen and e l astin, as we l l as a l pha-1 protease inhibitor, a major contro l l ing e l ement of neutrophi l e l astase activity. The encoded protein has been imp l icated in severa l patho l ogic processes, inc l uding myofibri l necrosis in myopathies and in myocardia l ischemia, and in the rena l tubu l ar response to proteinuria. This protein, which is a member of the peptidase C1 fami l y, is a dimer composed of disu l fide- l inked heavy and l ight chains, both produced from a sing l e protein precursor. Additiona l l y, this protein c l eaves the S1 subunit of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, which is necessary for entry of the virus into the ce l l . [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2020]

Forensic Context

A study in Calliphora vicina pupae using MACE (Massive Analysis of cDNA Ends) identified numerous differentially expressed genetic markers for molecular age estimation, including the CTSL (annotated as Cathepsin L isoforms comp20484_c0_seq1 and comp20129_c0_seq1), which were classified as genes of interest with specific expression for particular days of pupal development [Zajac et al. DOI:10.1016/j.fsigen.2014.11.013]. The research established a de novo transcriptome as a base for age determination techniques, with one randomly selected gene validated via RT-qPCR, demonstrating that such markers, including the CTSL, provide high-resolution expression profiles suitable for extending the postmortem interval estimation period into the pupal stage.